මනෝඋපදේශනයේ ඉතිහාසය

f,dj ieu úIh Odrdjlgu b;sydihla we;sjd fiau ufkdaWmfoaYkhgo m%udKd;aul b;sydihla ;sfí' úfYaIfhkau m%d:ñl hq.fha ^.,a hq.fha& Ôj;a jQ ñksidg ish Ôjk jD;a;sh  ixlS¾K fkdjqfhka udkisl .eg¨ wju úh' tfy;a  miqld,Skj úoHdfõ yd ;dCIKfha ÈhqKqj;a iu`. ÈhqKq jk iudc l%ñl;a;ajhg uqyqK §fuys,d oeä f,i mqoa., Y%uh fhoùug mqoa.,hdg isÿ úh' tys m%;sM,hla f,i mqoa.,hdg úúO ldhsl yd udkisl .eg¨j,g uqyqK mEug isÿ úh' fufia ñksidg we;s jQ m%Yak Tjqfkdjqka idlÉPd fldg úi\ .;a w;r we;eï wjia:djkays§ mQcH" mQcl mCIhka yd jeäysáhka ueÈy;a ù  mqoa., udkisl .eg¨ úi\ we;' fï wkqj l%s' j 1900 olajd WmfoaYkh l%shd;aul jQfha wjjdo lsÍï iyd wkqYdikd ,nd§ï  u; nj uekúka meyeÈ,s fõ'

.%Sl yd ,;ska NdIdfõ tk zfldkais,shïZ hk mofhka ‘Counselling’ ^WmfoaYkh&  hk moh iE§ ;sfí' weyqïlka §u" ueÈy;a ùu" úi£u" úl,am fmkajd §u" Okd;aul j¾Okh yd Wmldr lsÍï wd§ w¾: ;=<ska fuh ;jÿrg;a ú.%y l< yelsh' fmrdmr foÈ. ñksiqka WmfoaYkh hkak l%shd;aul lr we;s wkaou ms<sn|j úuid ne,Sfï§" m%:ufhka u weußldfõ fÊ'î fvúia  l%s'j 1907 § muK mdi,a mka;s ldnrhla ;=< WmfoaYkh l%shd;aul lr ;sfí' úfYaIfhkau fuys§ fvúiag wjYH jQfha mdi,a orejkag we;s udkisl .eg¨  Tjqka tlsfkld w;r ikaksfõokh lr tajd úi\ .ekSfï we;s jeo.;alu fmkajd §uhs'  

l%s'j 1910 § muK jk úg ufkdaúoHd úIh f,dj mqrd m%p,s; ùu;a iu`. WmfoaYkh ufkdaúoHd úIhg iïnkaO úh' WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdj hkq jHjydr ufkdaúoHdjg wh;a úIh lafIa;%hla jk w;r fuh jD;a;suh mqyqKqjla ;=<ska kHdhd;aul oekqu j¾Okh l<hq;= úIh iSudjls'

zzWmfoaYkh hkq udkj p¾hdj úYaf,aIKh lr th ilia lSÍu i|yd ufkdaúoHd;aul uQ,O¾u fhdod .ekSu fõ' WmfoaYkh ufkdaúoHd úIhg wod, fjku u lafIa;%hls' WmfoaYkfha moku ufkdaúoHdj fõ' ñksidg we;sjk .eg¨ ú.%y lrkafka ufkdaúoHdfjks' WmfoaYkh i|yd ufkdaúoHd;aul oekqu wjYH fõ' tneúka WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdj  hkq mqoa.,hdf.a .eg¨j,g ms<s;=re fidhd .ekSug" úi\ .ekSug Woõ lrhs' fiajd,dNshd (client) fyda .eg¨j úi\ .ekSu flfrys fiajd,dNshd ;=< iajhx wjfndaOhla we;s lrhs" ke;fyd;a Tyqj iú{dksl lrhs' (R.S. Sharrf, Theories of Psychotherapy & Counselling , 2004) 

“Counseling focuses of development and the prevention of serious mental health problems through education and short term treaments”.

WmfoaYkh ;=<ska wjOdkh fhduqjkafka wOHdmkh yd flá ld,Sk m%;sldr u`.ska mqoa.,hdg we;s ;on, udkisl .eg¨ je<elaùu yd mqoa., ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍuhs' fuys§ zje<elaùuZ hkak b;d jeo.;ah' je<elaùu  isÿ fkdl<fyd;a ixj¾Okhla isÿ fkdfõ' tuksid wOHdmkh ;=<ska fiajd,dNshdj ;u .eg¨j iïnkaOfhka  iú{dksl lrhs' wOHdmkh ,nd §fuka fkdkej;S flá ld,Sk m%;sldr i|ydo fhduq úh hq;=h' fuys§ m%;sldr hkafkka woyia lrkafka T!IOuh fkdjk  (Non drug Therapy&  m%;sldrhkah'

fï wkqj WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdj f,dj mqrd m%p,s; ùu;a iu`. th iudcfha úúO lafIa;%hka ;=<ska mek kef`.k .eg¨ldÍ ;;a;ajhka wju lsÍu i|yd fhdod .ekqKs' l%s'j 1920 § muK jkúg  weußldkq iudcfha mjq,a m%Yak úi\ .ekSu i|yd mjq,a WmfoaYk uOHia:dko ìys úh' tfukau WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdj flfrys fojk f,dal uyd hqoaOh m%n, n,mEula isÿlr ;sfí' ìysiqKq hqoaOfhka miq we;sjQ ck Ôú;fha m%Yak ksrdlrKh lr .ekSu i|yd udkj flaJøSh jQ jHjydßl oekqï iïNdrhla w;HjYHh úh' miqj ld,Skj  is.auka f*%dhsâ ^l%s'j 1856-1939& jeks  ufkdaúoHd{hka ìys ùu;a iu`. WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdj f,dj mqrd iS>%fhka ixj¾Okh jkakg úh' tfukau miq ld,Skj f,dj ìysjQ úúO ufkdaúoHd .=rel=, yd ufkdaúoHd{hka WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdjg úúO wre;a olajd ú.%y lrkakg úh' 

Ø  WmfoaaYkfha mqfrda.dñhd jk Frank Parson g wkqj zzmqoa.,hdg jD;a;shla f;dard .ekSug wdOdrlsÍuWmfoaYkhhsZZ'

Ø .eg¨ úi£u i|yd jk udkisl úYaf,aIKh yd ksoyia m%ldYk jevigyk WmfoaYkhhs' ^ufkdaúYaf,aIKjdoh&

Ø    wdl,am" l=i,;d" nqoaêh ms<sn| ufkdaúoHd l%shdj,sh WmfoaYkhhs' ^m%cdkk .=rel=,h&

Ø    fiajd,dNshd flaJø fldg.;a iaùh;a;aj ixj¾Ok l%shdj,sh WmfoaYkhhs' ^udkqIjd§ khdh&

Ø    Ôú;djfndaOh ;=<ska .eg¨ úi£u WmfoaYkhhs' ^idxoDIaÀljdoh& ^{dKodi fmf¾rd" 2007&

ls%'j 1950 ka miq ufkdaúoHd WmfoaYkhg mQ¾K rdcH wkq.%yh ,eîu;a iu`. úúO wKmk;ao l%shd;aul fldg weußldfjka wdrïNj hqfrdamSh rgj,a mqrd jHdma; jkakg úh' tmuKlao fkdj úúO rdcH WmfoaYk uOHia:dko bÈjkakg úh' l%s'j 1950-1960 ld, mrdih ;=< weußldfõ m%n, ixj¾Okhla we;s úh' úêu;a ufkdaúoHd WmfoaYk ix.ï wdrïN ùu fuhg fya;= úh' zzweußldkq fiajd uKav, yd ud¾. WmfoaYk ix.uh (APGA - American Personnel and Guidance Association) iy cd;sl wdrCIK wOHdmk mk;la (NDEA - National Defence Education Act) we;súh' ;jo fu;=<ska kj ud¾. WmfoaYk kHdhka bÈßm;a úh' ^{dKodi fmf¾rd" 2007&

ls%'j 1960-1970 hq.h ;=< WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdj jD;a;Suh ;;a;ajhla olajd ixj¾Okh úh'  ;jo .s,anÜ f¾ka (Glrbert Wren) úiska rÑ; “The counselor in a changing world” kï .%ka:h ;=<ska  tl, we;sjQ  úhÜkdu hqoaOh yd isú,a whs;sjdislï ms,sn| .eg¨o" WmfoaYl wjYH;d i|yd wjYH lreKqo wvx`.= fõ' fuu ;;a;ajhka idlÉPd lsÍu i|yd udkqIjd§  WmfoaYk kHdhkaf.a j¾Okhlao isÿúh' (Humanistic Counselling Theory) fuyso Abram maslow,  Sidney Jourard jeo.;a fõ' ^{dKodi fmf¾rd" 2007&

l%s'j 1980-1990 muK jk úg th f,dj mqrd m%p,s;j uE; hq.fha§ Y%S ,xldj ;=< b;d ckm%sh úIh Odrdjla njg m;aúh' ta wkqj WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdfõ we;s jeo.;alu fldmuKoehs lsjfyd;a th j¾;udkh jk úg úúO me;slv Tiafia úyso f.dia ;sfnk wkaou uekúka meyeÈ,s fõ'

1' rdcH wxYh

2' rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

3' mqoa.,sl wxYh

hkdÈ jYfhks'

úfYaIfhkau rdcH wxYh .;aúg th iudc fiajd wud;HxYh" jks;d lghq;= wud;HxYh" ;reKfiajd iNdj wd§ wdh;ko óg wu;rj ;sia jirl idm,;a l=ßre hqoaOfhka udkislj weo jegqKq ñksiqka mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍu i|yd werô mqkre;a:dmk wdh;k lsysmhlao ufkdaúoHd WmfoaYk fiajd mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nhs' mqoa.,sl wxYh hgf;a WmfoaYk fiajd mj;ajk wdh;k w;r Y%S ,xld udkisl fi!Lh mokuo ,xldfõ ufkdaúoHd WmfoaYk fiajd mj;ajdf.k hkq ,efí'

 

REV.ULUKKULAME GNNANARATHANA

BA.PSYCHOLOGY(SP) (UG),

2^ND YEAR,

UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA,

SRI LANKA.